Identification

Namestyrene
IUPACethenylbenzene
CAS Number100-42-5
EINECS202-851-5
FDA UNII44LJ2U959V
Molecular FormulaC8 H8
Molecular Weight104.15176000
MDL NumberMFCD00008612
Nikkaji NumberJ4.006A
Beilstein1071236
CoE Number11022
XlogP32.90 (est)

Regulatory

DG SANTE Food Flavourings01.015 vinylbenzene
DG SANTE Food Contact Materialsvinylbenzene
FEMA Number3233-VOID
FDANo longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
FDA Mainterm (SATF)100-42-5 ; STYRENE--NLFG
FDA RegulationFDA PART 172 -- FOOD ADDITIVES PERMITTED FOR DIRECT ADDITION TO FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION

Physical Properties

Appearance colorless to amber clear liquid (est)
Assay 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed No
Specific Gravity 0.90600 to 0.90900 @ 20.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est). 7.548 to 7.573
Refractive Index 1.54500 to 1.54800 @ 20.00 °C.
Melting Point -31.00 to -30.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point 145.00 to 146.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg, 67.00 to 68.00 °C. @ 50.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure 6.205000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Vapor Density 3.6 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point 90.00 °F. TCC ( 32.22 °C. )
logP (o/w) 2.950
Soluble in alcohol
Insoluble in water
Stability non-discoloring in most media

Cosmetic Information

CosIngcosmetic data
Cosmetic Usesperfuming agents

Organoleptic Properties

Odor Description at 0.10 % in triacetin.
Odor sample from Sigma-Aldrich
Taste Description almond

Safety Information

Preferred SDSView
European informationMost important hazard(s):
Oral/Parenteral Toxicityoral-rat LD50 2650 mg/kg
Dermal ToxicityNot determined
Inhalation Toxicityinhalation-rat LC50 12000 mg/m3/4H

GHS Classification

['GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)', 'GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements']

Safety in Use

Categorycosmetic agents
Recommendation for styrene usage levels up tonot for fragrance use.
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU)0.85 (μg/capita/day)
Modified Theoretical Added Maximum Daily Intake (mTAMDI)590 (μg/person/day)
Threshold of Concern1800 (μg/person/day)
Structure ClassI
baked goods-
beverages(nonalcoholic)-
beverages(alcoholic)-
breakfast cereal-
cheese-
chewing gum-
condiments / relishes-
confectionery froastings-
egg products-
fats / oils-
fish products-
frozen dairy-
fruit ices-
gelatins / puddings-
granulated sugar-
gravies-
hard candy-
imitation dairy-
instant coffee / tea-
jams / jellies-
meat products-
milk products-
nut products-
other grains-
poultry-
processed fruits-
processed vegetables-
reconstituted vegetables-
seasonings / flavors-
snack foods-
soft candy-
soups-
sugar substitutes-
sweet sauces-
Dairy products, excluding products of category 02.0 (01.0)0.50000
Fats and oils, and fat emulsions (type water-in-oil) (02.0)0.50000
Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet (03.0)0.50000
Processed fruit (04.1)-
Processed vegetables (incl. mushrooms & fungi, roots & tubers, pulses and legumes), and nuts & seeds (04.2)-
Confectionery (05.0)0.50000
Chewing gum (05.3)-
Cereals and cereal products, incl. flours & starches from roots & tubers, pulses & legumes, excluding bakery (06.0)-
Bakery wares (07.0)0.50000
Meat and meat products, including poultry and game (08.0)0.10000
Fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms (MCE) (09.0)-
Eggs and egg products (10.0)-
Sweeteners, including honey (11.0)-
Salts, spices, soups, sauces, salads, protein products, etc. (12.0)-
Foodstuffs intended for particular nutritional uses (13.0)-
Non-alcoholic ("soft") beverages, excl. dairy products (14.1)1.50000
Alcoholic beverages, incl. alcohol-free and low-alcoholic counterparts (14.2)0.50000
Ready-to-eat savouries (15.0)0.50000
Composite foods (e.g. casseroles, meat pies, mincemeat) - foods that could not be placed in categories 01.0 - 15.0 (16.0)-

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Potential Uses

FL almond FL cherry FL plum FR styrax

Natural Occurrence

beer - up to 0.2 mg/kg PMC bilberry fruit - 0.02 mg/kg cassia plant coffee - up to 0.36 mg/kg PMC currant black currant fruit - 0.1 mg/kg egg - up to 0.006 mg/kg PMC filbert roasted filbert osmanthus absolute @ trace% Data papaya fruit rosemary sap styrax sugandha kokila berry oil @ 0.10% Data wine - up to 0.011 mg/kg

Synonyms

benzene, ethenyl- benzene, vinyl- cinnamene ethenyl benzene ethenylbenzene phenyl ethene phenyl ethylene styrene monomer styrene solution styrol styrolene vinyl benzene vinyl benzol vinylbenzene PubMed: Attenuated UV Radiation Alters Volatile Profile in Cabernet Sauvignon Grapes under Field Conditions. PubMed: Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for the production of phenylpyruvate derivatives. PubMed: Complete genome sequence of the phenanthrene-degrading soil bacterium Delftia acidovorans Cs1-4. PubMed: Strong deshielding in aromatic isoxazolines. PubMed: Validation Study on Headspace-GC Analytical Method for Residual Volatile Substances in Food Contact Polystyrene and Its Application for Surveillance (1998-2014). PubMed: Qualitative Analysis of Additives in Plastic Marine Debris and Its New Products. PubMed: Simultaneous analysis of Alternaria toxins and citrinin in tomato: an optimised method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. PubMed: Developing Polycation-Clay Sorbents for Efficient Filtration of Diclofenac: Effect of Dissolved Organic Matter and Comparison to Activated Carbon. PubMed: The emissions of monoaromatic hydrocarbons from small polymeric toys placed in chocolate food products. PubMed: Physicochemical Characteristics and Slow Release Performances of Chlorpyrifos Encapsulated by Poly(butyl acrylate-co-styrene) with the Cross-Linker Ethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate. PubMed: Antimicrobial coatings with dual cationic and N-halamine character: characterization and biocidal efficacy. PubMed: Trace analysis of Ponceau 4R in soft drinks using differential pulse stripping voltammetry at SWCNTs composite electrodes based on PEDOT:PSS derivatives. PubMed: Amino Acid Degradations Produced by Lipid Oxidation Products. PubMed: [Magnetic solid phase extraction combined with gas chromatography-flame photometric detection for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in juice samples]. PubMed: Liquid marbles prepared from pH-responsive self-assembled micelles. PubMed: Filtration of triazine herbicides by polymer-clay sorbents: coupling an experimental mechanistic approach with empirical modeling. PubMed: Nanohybrids from direct chemical self-assembly of poly(styrene-alt-maleic anhydride) as pH-responsive particulate emulsifiers. PubMed: Physico-chemical and microbiological characterization of spontaneous fermentation of Cellina di Nardò and Leccino table olives. PubMed: Preparation and evaluation of silica-UIO-66 composite as liquid chromatographic stationary phase for fast and efficient separation. PubMed: Novel control methods for insect pests: development of a microencapsulation procedure for proteinaceous bioactives intended for oral delivery. PubMed: Sulfonated polystyrene magnetic nanobeads coupled with immunochromatographic strip for clenbuterol determination in pork muscle. PubMed: Combined effects of ultrasound and immobilization protocol on butyl acetate synthesis catalyzed by CALB. PubMed: Survey of volatile substances in kitchen utensils made from acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene and acrylonitrile-styrene resin in Japan. PubMed: Evaluation of styrene-divinylbenzene beads as a support to immobilize lipases. PubMed: Influence of photo-cross-linking on emulsifying performance of the self-assemblies of poly(7-(4-vinylbenzyloxyl)-4-methylcoumarin-co-acrylic acid). PubMed: Faecal metabolite profiling identifies medium-chain fatty acids as discriminating compounds in IBD. PubMed: Adsorption characteristics of rebaudioside A and stevioside on cross-linked poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) macroporous resins functionalized with chloromethyl, amino and phenylboronic acid groups. PubMed: GC separation of enantiomers of alkyl esters of 2-bromo substituted carboxylic acids enantiomers on 6-TBDMS-2,3-di-alkyl- β- and γ-cyclodextrin stationary phases. PubMed: Determination of caffeic acid in wine using PEDOT film modified electrode. PubMed: Ammonia and formaldehyde participate in the formation of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) in addition to creati(ni)ne and phenylacetaldehyde. PubMed: Correlation of foodstuffs with ethanol-water mixtures with regard to the solubility of migrants from food contact materials. PubMed: Development of a material with reproducible emission of selected volatile organic compounds - μ-Chamber study. PubMed: High stability silver nanoparticles-graphene/poly(ionic liquid)-based chemoresistive sensors for volatile organic compounds' detection. PubMed: Updated evaluation of the migration of styrene monomer and oligomers from polystyrene food contact materials to foods and food simulants. PubMed: Derivation of safe health-based exposure limits for potential consumer exposure to styrene migrating into food from food containers. PubMed: Competitive-type displacement reaction for direct potentiometric detection of low-abundance protein. PubMed: [Analytical method of volatile substances in styrene polymers by head-space gas chromatography using o-dichlorobenzene]. PubMed: Bilirubin and related tetrapyrroles inhibit food-borne mutagenesis: a mechanism for antigenotoxic action against a model epoxide. PubMed: Detection of DNA damage based on metal-mediated molecular beacon and DNA strands displacement reaction. PubMed: Synthesis and characterisation of nano-pore antimony imprinted polymer and its use in the extraction and determination of antimony in water and fruit juice samples. PubMed: Quantification of four artificial sweeteners in Finnish surface waters with isotope-dilution mass spectrometry. PubMed: Analysis of recycled poly (styrene-co-butadiene) sulfonation: a new approach in solid catalysts for biodiesel production. PubMed: Occurrence of brominated flame retardants in black thermo cups and selected kitchen utensils purchased on the European market. PubMed: Aroma chemistry of African Oryza glaberrima and Oryza sativa rice and their interspecific hybrids. PubMed: Optimized expression of (S)-carbonyl reductase in Pichia pastoris for efficient production of (S)-1-phenyl-1, 2-ethanediol. PubMed: Uterotrophic and Hershberger assays for endocrine disruption properties of plastic food contact materials polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). PubMed: In vitro and in vivo evaluation of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrene sulfonate)/dopamine-coated electrodes for dopamine delivery. PubMed: Comparison of the effects of bisphenol A alone and in a combination with X-irradiation on sperm count and quality in male adult and pubescent mice. PubMed: Stable optical oxygen sensing materials based on click-coupling of fluorinated platinum(II) and palladium(II) porphyrins-A convenient way to eliminate dye migration and leaching. PubMed: Impact of copolymer ratio on drug distribution in styrene-isobutylene-styrene block copolymers. PubMed: Fluoro-phenyl-styrene-sulfonamide, a novel inhibitor of σB activity, prevents the activation of σB by environmental and energy stresses in Bacillus subtilis. PubMed: Improved production of butyl butyrate with lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus immobilized on styrene-divinylbenzene beads. PubMed: Formation of styrene dependent on fermentation management during wheat beer production. PubMed: Diagnostic ions for the analysis of phenylalanine adducts of acrylamide and styrene by ESI-QTOF mass spectrometry. PubMed: Colorimetric detection of DNA damage by using hemin-graphene nanocomposites. PubMed: A novel glutathione-hydroxycinnamic acid product generated in oxidative wine conditions. PubMed: Tyrosinase inhibitory effects and antioxidative activities of novel cinnamoyl amides with amino acid ester moiety. PubMed: Characterisation of commercial aromatised vinegars: phenolic compounds, volatile composition and antioxidant activity. PubMed: BTES and aldehydes analysis in PET-bottled water in Lebanon. PubMed: Self-assembly and emulsification of poly{[styrene-alt-maleic acid]-co-[styrene-alt-(N-3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyl-maleamic acid)]}. PubMed: Dual-responsive poly(styrene-alt-maleic acid)-graft-poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) micelles as switchable emulsifiers. PubMed: Effect of humic acid on pyrene removal from water by polycation-clay mineral composites and activated carbon. PubMed: Cadmium ion-doped magnetic poly(styrene-acrylic acid) nanospheres for sensitive electrochemical immunoassay. PubMed: Applicability of analytical and preparative monolithic columns to the separation and isolation of major whey proteins. PubMed: Immobilization of lipase B from Candida antarctica on porous styrene-divinylbenzene beads improves butyl acetate synthesis. PubMed: The Listeria monocytogenes σB regulon and its virulence-associated functions are inhibited by a small molecule. PubMed: Concentration-dependent displacement of cholesterol in micelles by hydrophobic rice bran protein hydrolysates. PubMed: The copolymer P(HEMA-co-SS) binds gluten and reduces immune response in gluten-sensitized mice and human tissues. PubMed: Knowledge, attitudes and practices relating to plastic containers for food and drinks. PubMed: Detecting trace melamine in solution by SERS using Ag nanoparticle coated poly(styrene-co-acrylic acid) nanospheres as novel active substrates. PubMed: Effects of frozen storage and vacuum packaging on free fatty acid and volatile composition of Turkish Motal cheese. PubMed: Comparison of silica gel modified with three different functional groups with C-18 and styrene-divinylbenzene adsorbents for the analysis of selected volatile flavor compounds. PubMed: Essential oils and fatty acids composition of Tunisian and Indian cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) seeds: a comparative study. PubMed: Comparative shelf life study of blackberry fruit in bio-based and petroleum-based containers under retail storage conditions. PubMed: Effect of gamma-irradiation on some chemical characteristics and volatile content of linseed. PubMed: Analysis of volatile organic compounds released during food decaying processes. PubMed: [Study of amount of evaporation residue in extracts from plastic kitchen utensils into four food-simulating solvents]. PubMed: Identification and quantification of lignans in wheat bran by gas chromatography-electron capture detection. PubMed: Analysis of acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene, and related compounds in acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers for kitchen utensils and children's toys by headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. PubMed: Rapid determination of BTEXS in olives and olive oil by headspace-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS). PubMed: Carbonyl reductase SCRII from Candida parapsilosis catalyzes anti-Prelog reaction to (S)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol with absolute stereochemical selectivity. PubMed: Functional expression and magnetic nanoparticle-based Immobilization of a protein-engineered marine fish epoxide hydrolase of Mugil cephalus for enantioselective hydrolysis of racemic styrene oxide. PubMed: Styrene-producing microbes in food-stuff. PubMed: Determination of styrene content in Gorgonzola PDO cheese by headspace solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) and gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC-MS). PubMed: A new polyethylene glycol fiber prepared by coating porous zinc electrodeposited onto silver for solid-phase microextraction of styrene. PubMed: Microstructure and elution of tetracycline from block copolymer coatings. PubMed: [Endocrine disruptors in food contact articles and baby toys with their transition]. PubMed: Microwave-assisted extraction for the simultaneous determination of Novolac glycidyl ethers, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, and its derivatives in canned food using HPLC with fluorescence detection. PubMed: Determination of migration monomer styrene from GPPS (general purpose polystyrene) and HIPS (high impact polystyrene) cups to hot drinks. PubMed: Natural formation of styrene by cinnamon mold flora. PubMed: Formation of styrene during the Maillard reaction is negligible. PubMed: Chronic inhalation exposure of rats for up to 104 weeks to a non-carbon-based magnetite photocopying toner. PubMed: [Determination of bicozamycin in livestock products and seafoods by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry]. PubMed: Quantification of antioxidant capacity in a microemulsion system: synergistic effects of chlorogenic acid with alpha-tocopherol. PubMed: Differentiation of the volatile profile of microbiologically contaminated canned tomatoes by dynamic headspace extraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. PubMed: Bioproduction of p-hydroxystyrene from glucose by the solvent-tolerant bacterium Pseudomonas putida S12 in a two-phase water-decanol fermentation. PubMed: Atrazine removal from water by polycation-clay composites: effect of dissolved organic matter and comparison to activated carbon. PubMed: Determination of aliphatic amines by cation-exchange chromatography with suppressed conductivity detection after solid phase extraction. PubMed: Strain of Fusarium oxysporum isolated from almond hulls produces styrene and 7-methyl-1,3,5-cyclooctatriene as the principal volatile components. PubMed: Efficiency of whole and skimmed powdered milk for trapping volatile compounds released from plastic containers in high-temperature applications. PubMed: Temperature dependences of the distribution coefficients of hydrophobic solutes onto porous styrene divinylbenzene resin for the eluent with a low methanol content. PubMed: Release of ethylbenzene and styrene from plastic cheese containers. PubMed: The development of colour-encapsulated microspheres for novel colour cosmetics. PubMed: Development and validation of a method for fipronil residue determination in ovine plasma using 96-well plate solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. PubMed: [Application of carboxylated polystyrene latex particles in the detection of aflatoxin B1]. PubMed: Optical resonance-enhanced absorption-based near-field immunochip biosensor for allergen detection. PubMed: Applications of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrene sulfonic acid) transistors in chemical and biological sensors. PubMed: New broom fiber (Spartium junceum L.) derivatives: preparation and characterization. PubMed: Liquid-liquid extraction/headspace/gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, (o-, m- and p-)xylene and styrene in olive oil using surfactant-coated carbon nanotubes as extractant. PubMed: Leaching of styrene and other aromatic compounds in drinking water from PS bottles. PubMed: Decarboxylation of sorbic acid by spoilage yeasts is associated with the PAD1 gene. PubMed: Effect of cold storage and packaging material on the major aroma components of sweet cream butter. PubMed: Biosynthesis of (R)-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol from racemic styrene oxide by using bacterial and marine fish epoxide hydrolases. PubMed: Carbon metabolism and product inhibition determine the epoxidation efficiency of solvent-tolerant Pseudomonas sp. strain VLB120DeltaC. PubMed: Conversion of phenylalanine into styrene by 2,4-decadienal in model systems. PubMed: Food contamination with styrene dibromide via packaging migration of leachate from polystyrene cold-storage insulation. PubMed: Preparation of whey protein hydrolysates using a single- and two-stage enzymatic membrane reactor and their immunological and antioxidant properties: characterization by multivariate data analysis. PubMed: Use of a food-consumption database with packaging information to estimate exposure to food-packaging migrants: expoxidized soybean oil and styrene monomer. PubMed: Consumer exposure to substances in plastic packaging. I. Assessment of the contribution of styrene from yogurt pots. PubMed: Production in food of 1,3-pentadiene and styrene by Trichoderma species. PubMed: Metabolism of phenylalanine and biosynthesis of styrene in Penicillium camemberti. PubMed: Effects of prenatal exposure to styrene trimers on genital organs and hormones in male rats. PubMed: NTP-CERHR monograph on the potential human reproductive and developmental effects of styrene. PubMed: Contamination of packaged food by substances migrating from a direct-contact plastic layer: Assessment using a generic quantitative household scale methodology. PubMed: Cloning, expression and enantioselective hydrolytic catalysis of a microsomal epoxide hydrolase from a marine fish, Mugil cephalus. PubMed: Analysis of volatile compounds as spoilage indicators in fresh king salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) during storage using SPME-GC-MS. PubMed: Multiresidue analytical method using dispersive solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry to determine pharmaceuticals in whole blood. PubMed: Isolation and characterisation of selected germander diterpenoids from authenticated Teucrium chamaedrys and T. canadense by HPLC, HPLC-mS and NMR. PubMed: Synthesis, characterization and development of a high-throughput methodology for the discovery of botulinum neurotoxin a inhibitors. PubMed: Use of dipicolinate-based complexes for producing ion-imprinted polystyrene resins for the extraction of yttrium-90 and heavy lanthanide cations. PubMed: Examination of styrene-divinylbenzene ion-exchange resins, used in contact with food, for potential migrants. PubMed: Estrogenic activities of chemicals related to food contact plastics and rubbers tested by the yeast two-hybrid assay. PubMed: Influence of volatile compounds on the development of off-flavours in pig back fat samples classified with boar taint by a test panel. PubMed: Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography with on-line Fourier-transform-infrared-spectroscopy detection for the characterization of copolymers. PubMed: Simultaneous picogram determination of "earthy-musty" odorous compounds in water using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled with initial cool programmable temperature vaporizer inlet. PubMed: Dietary exposure to chemical migrants from food contact materials: a probabilistic approach. PubMed: Migration modelling from food-contact plastics into foodstuffs as a new tool for consumer exposure estimation. PubMed: Identification, structure elucidation, and synthesis of volatile compounds in the exhaust gas of food factories. PubMed: Optimal recovery of high-purity rutin crystals from the whole plant of Fagopyrum esculentum Moench (buckwheat) by extraction, fractionation, and recrystallization. PubMed: Migration of styrene monomer, dimers and trimers from polystyrene to food simulants. PubMed: Production of volatile compounds in cheese by Pseudomonas fragi strains of dairy origin. PubMed: An ecological study of the association of environmental chemicals on breast cancer incidence in Texas. PubMed: Feasibility study for the development of certified reference materials for specific migration testing. Part 2: estimation of diffusion parameters and comparison of experimental and predicted data. PubMed: Feasibility study for the development of certified reference materials for specific migration testing. Part 1: initial migrant concentration and specific migration. PubMed: Direct antioxidant activity of purified glucoerucin, the dietary secondary metabolite contained in rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.) seeds and sprouts. PubMed: Insecticidal components from field pea extracts: soyasaponins and lysolecithins. PubMed: Efficacy of acidic electrolyzed water ice for pathogen control on lettuce. PubMed: Controlled production of Camembert-type cheeses. Part II. Changes in the concentration of the more volatile compounds. PubMed: In-depth mechanistic study on the formation of acrylamide and other vinylogous compounds by the maillard reaction. PubMed: The effects of styrene on lung cells in female mice and rats. PubMed: Controlled release of tebuconazole from a polymer matrix microparticle: release kinetics and length of efficacy. PubMed: [Metabolic disturbance of tryptophan-nicotinamide conversion pathway by putative endocrine disruptors, bisphenol A and styrene monomer]. PubMed: Adsorption of flavonoids on resins: cyanidin 3-glucoside. PubMed: Volatile organic compounds in foods: a five year study. PubMed: Abrasion resistance of medical glove materials. PubMed: Risk assessment of exposure to volatile organic compounds in different indoor environments. PubMed: Tank-mix adjuvants and pesticide residues: some regulatory and quantitative aspects. PubMed: Adsorption of flavonoids on resins: hesperidin. PubMed: Poly(styrene/alpha-tert-butoxy-omega-vinylbenzylpolyglycidol) microspheres for immunodiagnostics. Principle of a novel latex test based on combined electrophoretic mobility and particle aggregation measurements. PubMed: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in U.S. mothers' milk. PubMed: Carcinogenicity of bisphenol-A in Fischer rats and B6C3F1 mice. PubMed: NTP technical report on the toxicity studies of p-tert-butylcatechol (CAS No. 98-29-3) administered in feed to F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. PubMed: The loss of the chemical tanker Ievoli Sun in the English Channel, October 2000. PubMed: A method for the analysis of natural and synthetic folate in foods. PubMed: Evaluation of styrene oligomers eluted from polystyrene for estrogenicity in estrogen receptor binding assay, reporter gene assay, and uterotrophic assay. PubMed: Behavior of some solid food simulants in contact with several plastics used in microwave ovens. PubMed: Biochemistry, genetics and physiology of microbial styrene degradation. PubMed: 4-Vinylphenol-induced pneumotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in mice. PubMed: Recovery of anthocyanins from pulp wash of pigmented oranges by concentration on resins. PubMed: Global migration from styrenics to liquid food simulants. PubMed: Potential migration release of volatile compounds from plastic containers destined for food use in microwave ovens. PubMed: Decontaminative effect of frozen acidic electrolyzed water on lettuce. PubMed: Estimation of a possible tumorigenic risk of styrene from daily intake via food and ambient air. PubMed: Endocrine-disrupting effects of styrene oligomers that migrated from polystyrene containers into food. PubMed: Assessment of styrene oligomers eluted from polystyrene-made food containers for estrogenic effects in in vitro assays. PubMed: Inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by slow release of propyl paraben from a polymer coating. PubMed: Identification, determination, and biological evaluation of a novel styrene trimer contained in polystyrene food containers. 2. PubMed: Determination of the oestrogenic (uterotrophic) activity of extracts of 'general purpose polystyrene (GPPS)' using immature female rats. PubMed: Chronic toxicity/oncogenicity study of styrene in CD-1 mice by inhalation exposure for 104 weeks. PubMed: Predicting migration of trace amounts of styrene in poly(styrene) below the glass transition temperature. PubMed: Effects of prenatal styrene exposure on postnatal development and brain serotonin and catecholamine levels in rats. PubMed: Isolation of n-decyl-alpha(1-->6) isomaltoside from a technical APG mixture and its identification by the parallel use of LC-MS and NMR spectroscopy PubMed: Effects of prenatal and postnatal exposure to styrene dimers and trimers on reproductive function in rats. PubMed: Waste water from citrus processing as a source of hesperidin by concentration on styrene-divinylbenzene resin. PubMed: Purification, molecular cloning and ethylene-inducible expression of a soluble-type epoxide hydrolase from soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.). PubMed: Estimation of human exposure to styrene and ethylbenzene. PubMed: Analysis of pesticide residues in fruit and vegetables after cleanup with solid-phase extraction using ENV+ (Polystyrene-divinylbenzene) cartridges. PubMed: Recovery of hesperidin from orange peel by concentration of extracts on styrene-divinylbenzene resin. PubMed: Nausea and vomiting induced by arterial chemo-embolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and the antiemetic effect of ondansetron hydrochloride. PubMed: Intraindividual variations of DNA adduct levels in humans. PubMed: Chronic toxicity/oncogenicity study of styrene in CD rats by inhalation exposure for 104 weeks. PubMed: Preparation and analysis of styrene oligomers containing migrates from various polystyrenes used in food packaging. PubMed: Uterotrophic assay of two concentrations of migrates from each of 23 polystyrenes administered orally (by gavage) to immature female Wistar rats. PubMed: Polystyrene cups and containers: styrene migration. PubMed: Comparison of different sorbents for on-line liquid-solid extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of nitrogen-containing pesticides. PubMed: Toxicity of the styrene metabolite, phenylglyoxylic acid, in rats after three months' oral dosing. PubMed: Parts-per-trillion determination of styrene in yoghurt by purge-and-trap gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. PubMed: Indigo formation by microorganisms expressing styrene monooxygenase activity. PubMed: Measurement of styrene oxide in polystyrenes, estimation of migration to foods, and reaction kinetics and products in food simulants. PubMed: DNA adducts as exposure biomarkers and indicators of cancer risk. PubMed: Using a simple diffusion model to predict residual monomer migration--considerations and limitations. PubMed: 4-Phenylcyclohexene: 2-week inhalation toxicity and neurotoxicity studies in Swiss-Webster mice. PubMed: Element residues in food contact plastics and their migration into food simulants, measured by inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. PubMed: Migration of styrene from polystyrene foam food-contact articles. PubMed: A model for estimating the daily dietary intake of a substance from food-contact articles: styrene from polystyrene food-contact polymers. PubMed: On the origin of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene in extra virgin olive oil. PubMed: Compositional analysis of samples of thermoset polyester and migration of ethylbenzene and styrene from thermoset polyester into pork during cooking. PubMed: Taste interaction of styrene/ethylbenzene mixtures in an oil-in-water emulsion. PubMed: Possible regulatory role for nonaromatic carbon sources in styrene degradation by Pseudomonas putida CA-3. PubMed: Styrene-induced hepatotoxicity in mice depleted of glutathione. PubMed: Assessment of cytogenetic changes in human populations at risk in Egypt. PubMed: Determination of bromate in bread by capillary gas chromatography with a mass detector (GC/MS). PubMed: Effects of age and dietary restriction on liver glutathione transferase activities in Lobund-Wistar rats. PubMed: An improved method for the simultaneous determination of mandelic and phenylglyoxylic acids by gas chromatography. PubMed: HPLC purification and separation of 5,5'-substituted-2,4-imidazolidinedithiones. PubMed: Legislation, control and research in the Nordic countries on plastics for packaging food. PubMed: Styrene: toxicity studies--what do they show? PubMed: Styrene production, use, and human exposure. PubMed: The 'vapour-phase' migration of styrene from general purpose polystyrene and high impact polystyrene into cooking oil. PubMed: Adaptation of Pseudomonas putida S12 to high concentrations of styrene and other organic solvents. PubMed: Migration of styrene monomer from thermoset polyester cookware into foods during high temperature applications. PubMed: Exposure to styrene in the general Canadian population. PubMed: Chronic physical activity: hepatic hypertrophy and increased total biotransformation enzyme activity. PubMed: Styrene formation by the decomposition by Pichia carsonii of trans-cinnamic acid added to a ground fish product. PubMed: Styrene migration from general-purpose and high-impact polystyrene into food-simulating solvents. PubMed: [Determination of volatile substances and leachable components in polystyrene food contact wares]. PubMed: The role of metallothionein induction and altered zinc status in maternally mediated developmental toxicity: comparison of the effects of urethane and styrene in rats. PubMed: Sensory analysis of polystyrene packaging material taint in cocoa powder for drinks and chocolate flakes. PubMed: The migration of acrylonitrile from acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene polymers into food-simulating liquids. PubMed: Mechanisms of anti-carcinogenesis by indole-3-carbinol. Studies of enzyme induction, electrophile-scavenging, and inhibition of aflatoxin B1 activation. PubMed: Worksite behavioral research. 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