Identification

Nameacetone alcohol
IUPAC1-hydroxypropan-2-one
CAS Number116-09-6
EINECS204-124-8
FDA UNII7I7YM0835W
Molecular FormulaC3 H6 O2
Molecular Weight74.07922000
MDL NumberMFCD00004669
Nikkaji NumberJ2.470H
Beilstein0605368
CoE Number11101

Regulatory

JECFA Food Flavoring1945 hydroxyacetone
DG SANTE Food Flavourings07.169 1-hydroxypropan-2-one
FEMA Number4462
FDANo longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
FDA Mainterm (SATF)116-09-6 ; HYDROXYACETONE

Physical Properties

Appearance colorless to yellow clear liquid (est)
Assay 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed No
Specific Gravity 1.08400 to 1.09000 @ 25.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est). 9.020 to 9.070
Refractive Index 1.42000 to 1.42600 @ 20.00 °C.
Melting Point -17.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point 145.00 to 146.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure 1.914000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point 133.00 °F. TCC ( 56.11 °C. )
logP (o/w) -0.780 (est)
Soluble in alcohol
Similar Items note

Organoleptic Properties

Odor Description at 10.00 % in dipropylene glycol.
Taste Description sweet slightly green burnt

Safety Information

Preferred SDSView
European informationMost important hazard(s):
Oral/Parenteral Toxicityoral-rat LD50 2200 mg/kg
Dermal ToxicityNot determined
Inhalation ToxicityNot determined

GHS Classification

['GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)', 'GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements']

Safety in Use

Categoryflavoring agents
Recommendation for acetone alcohol usage levels up tonot for fragrance use.
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU)0.22 (μg/capita/day)
Modified Theoretical Added Maximum Daily Intake (mTAMDI)1600 (μg/person/day)
Threshold of Concern1800 (μg/person/day)
Structure ClassI
baked goods0.00200
beverages(nonalcoholic)2.00000
beverages(alcoholic)4.00000
breakfast cereal-
cheese-
chewing gum-
condiments / relishes0.00100
confectionery froastings0.00200
egg products-
fats / oils-
fish products-
frozen dairy-
fruit ices-
gelatins / puddings4.00000
granulated sugar-
gravies-
hard candy0.00200
imitation dairy-
instant coffee / tea10.00000
jams / jellies0.00100
meat products-
milk products-
nut products-
other grains-
poultry-
processed fruits-
processed vegetables-
reconstituted vegetables-
seasonings / flavors0.00200
snack foods-
soft candy10.00000
soups0.00040
sugar substitutes-
sweet sauces0.00100
Dairy products, excluding products of category 02.0 (01.0)3.00000
Fats and oils, and fat emulsions (type water-in-oil) (02.0)2.00000
Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet (03.0)3.00000
Processed fruit (04.1)2.00000
Processed vegetables (incl. mushrooms & fungi, roots & tubers, pulses and legumes), and nuts & seeds (04.2)-
Confectionery (05.0)4.00000
Chewing gum (05.3)-
Cereals and cereal products, incl. flours & starches from roots & tubers, pulses & legumes, excluding bakery (06.0)2.00000
Bakery wares (07.0)5.00000
Meat and meat products, including poultry and game (08.0)1.00000
Fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms (MCE) (09.0)1.00000
Eggs and egg products (10.0)-
Sweeteners, including honey (11.0)-
Salts, spices, soups, sauces, salads, protein products, etc. (12.0)2.00000
Foodstuffs intended for particular nutritional uses (13.0)3.00000
Non-alcoholic ("soft") beverages, excl. dairy products (14.1)2.00000
Alcoholic beverages, incl. alcohol-free and low-alcoholic counterparts (14.2)4.00000
Ready-to-eat savouries (15.0)5.00000
Composite foods (e.g. casseroles, meat pies, mincemeat) - foods that could not be placed in categories 01.0 - 15.0 (16.0)2.00000

Beijing Lys Chemicals Co, LTD.

From Grams to Tons

Fine chemical high-tech company which contains R&D, production, and sales.

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Penta International Corporation

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TCI AMERICA

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Tianjin Danjun International Trade Co., LTD.

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WholeChem, LLC

Connecting Innovators To the Building Blocks Of the Universe

Custom manufacturer and distributor of specialty ingredients. We make global local.

View All Website +1 (262) 995.8668 info@wholechem.com

Zanos Ltd.

Distributor of Speciality Chemicals and Natural Ingredients

Sourcing and supplying quality aroma chemicals and prestige natural ingredients for the flavour and fragrance industry.

View All Website +44 (0) 1565 755899 sales@zanos.co.uk

Potential Uses

FL absinthe FL barley FL butterscotch FL cappuccino FL caramel FL chicory root FL coffee FL/FR fenugreek FR gingerbread FL graham cracker FL/FR immortelle FL malt FL maple FL molasses FL praline FL toffee FR wormwood oil replacer

Natural Occurrence

coffee - up to 4 mg/kg PMC pepper bell pepper fruit rice cakes PbMd PMC strawberry fruit wood smoke

Synonyms

acetol acetol natural acetol natural 1% in ethyl alcohol acetol natural 5% in ethyl alcohol acetomethanol acetone, 1-hydroxy- acetyl carbinol acetyl methanol acetylcarbinol acetylmethanol 1- hydroxy-2-propanone 1- hydroxy-2-propanone (acetol) 1- hydroxy-propan-2-one hydroxyacetone 1- hydroxyacetone a- hydroxyacetone hydroxymethyl methyl ketone 1- hydroxypropan-2-one hydroxypropanone methylketol 1- oxidanylpropan-2-one 2-oxo propan-1-ol 2-oxo propanol 2- propanone, 1-hydroxy- 2-keto propyl alcohol 2-oxo propyl alcohol pyruvic alcohol pyruvinalcohol rongal 5242 Info: Volatile Flavor Components in Bogyojosaeng and Suhong Cultivars of Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) US Patents: 3,952,024 - Furfurylthioacetone PubMed: Aspirin US Patents: Certain 2,5-dimethyl-3-thiopyrazines PubMed: (13)C metabolic flux analysis-guided metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for improved acetol production from glycerol PubMed: Production of acetol from glycerol using engineered Escherichia coli PubMed: Measurement of acetol in serum PubMed: Isopropanol poisoning PubMed: Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli to enhance acetol production from glycerol PubMed: Risk evaluation of impurities in topical excipients: The acetol case PubMed: Identification of ethanol-inducible P-450 isozyme 3a as the acetone and acetol monooxygenase of rabbit microsomes PubMed: New ideas, old problems? Heated tobacco products - a systematic review PubMed: The quantitative determination of acetol PubMed: Conversion of methylglyoxal to acetol by Escherichia coli aldo-keto reductases PubMed: Imidazole acetol phosphate aminotransferase in Zymomonas mobilis: molecular genetic, biochemical, and evolutionary analyses PubMed: The metabolism of acetol phosphate. II. 1,2-Propanediol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase PubMed: Acetone and acetol inhibition of insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation in adipose tissue and isolated adipocytes PubMed: The anticonvulsant activity of acetone, the major ketone body in the ketogenic diet, is not dependent on its metabolites acetol, 1,2-propanediol, methylglyoxal, or pyruvic acid PubMed: The metabolism of acetone in rat PubMed: Organocatalytic synthesis of carbohydrates PubMed: Mechanisms non-enzymatic browning in orange juice during storage PubMed: Synthesis of Karrikinolide Using the Aldol-Type Acetal Addition Reaction PubMed: Monitoring carbonyl-amine reaction and enolization of 1-hydroxy-2-propanone (Acetol) by FTIR spectroscopy PubMed: HUMAN'S BREATH DURING MODELED PROLONGED HYPODYNAMIA PubMed: Quantitation of acetol in common pharmaceutical excipients using LC-MS PubMed: The phosphorylation of acetol PubMed: Observations on blood acetol after administration of acetol, methyl alcohol, and formaldehyde to rabbits PubMed: Reduction of trioses by NADPH-dependent aldo-keto reductases. Aldose reductase, methylglyoxal, and diabetic complications PubMed: Thermal Cracking of Sugars for the Production of Glycolaldehyde and Other Small Oxygenates PubMed: Genome Scale Metabolic Model of the versatile methanotroph Methylocella silvestris PubMed: Molybdenum Dopped Copper Ferrites as Active Catalysts for Alcohols Oxidative Coupling PubMed: Organocatalytic Asymmetric Aldol Reaction of Arylglyoxals and Hydroxyacetone: Enantioselective Synthesis of 2,3-Dihydroxy-1,4-diones PubMed: Evolution of a Metal-Organic Framework into a Br?nsted Acid Catalyst for Glycerol Dehydration to Acrolein PubMed: The enzymatic oxidation of 1,2-propanediol phosphate to acetol phosphate PubMed: Catalytic function of the mycobacterial binuclear iron monooxygenase in acetone metabolism PubMed: Metabolism of methylglyoxal in microorganisms PubMed: Valorization of pyrolysis water: a biorefinery side stream, for 1,2-propanediol production with engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum PubMed: Emissions from Electronic Cigarettes: Key Parameters Affecting the Release of Harmful Chemicals PubMed: The in vitro production of a yellow-brown melanin-like pigment in the organic matrix of noncarious human tooth crowns by methylglyoxal and acetol PubMed: Metabolomic analysis of lung cancer patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry PubMed: Actinobacterial Degradation of 2-Hydroxyisobutyric Acid Proceeds via Acetone and Formyl-CoA by Employing a Thiamine-Dependent Lyase Reaction PubMed: Controlling reaction pathways of selective C-O bond cleavage of glycerol PubMed: Activation of alternative metabolic pathways diverts carbon flux away from isobutanol formation in an engineered Escherichia coli strain PubMed: Ketosis leads to increased methylglyoxal production on the Atkins diet PubMed: Microbial formation, biotechnological production and applications of 1,2-propanediol PubMed: Hydroxyacetone: A Glycerol-Based Platform for Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation and Hydrodeoxygenation Processes PubMed: METHYL KETONE METABOLISM IN HYDROCARBON-UTILIZING MYCOBACTERIA PubMed: Catalytic cracking of model compounds of bio-oil over HZSM-5 and the catalyst deactivation PubMed: Bis(isopropyl-triphenyl-phospho-nium) di-?-iodido-bis-[iodidocopper(I)] PubMed: YqhD: a broad-substrate range aldehyde reductase with various applications in production of biorenewable fuels and chemicals PubMed: Reactive carbonyl species as key control point for optimization of reaction flavors PubMed: The production of 1,2-propanediol in ethanol treated rats PubMed: Alpha-hydroxyketones as inhibitors of urease PubMed: Production of 1,2-propanediol in photoautotrophic Synechocystis is linked to glycogen turn-over PubMed: [On the participation of acetol phosphate in the photo-phosphorylation in pea chloroplasts] PubMed: [On participation of acetol phosphate in fixation of carbon dioxide] PubMed: Structures and reaction mechanisms of glycerol dehydration over H-ZSM-5 zeolite: a density functional theory study PubMed: Ethanol oxidation and toxicity: role of alcohol P-450 oxygenase PubMed: A review of constituents identified in e-cigarette liquids and aerosols PubMed: Oxidations of p-alkoxyacylanilides catalyzed by human cytochrome P450 1A2: structure-activity relationships and simulation of rate constants of individual steps in catalysis PubMed: Up-regulation of aldolase A and methylglyoxal production in adipocytes PubMed: Lactobacillus demonstrate thiol-independent metabolism of methylglyoxal: Implications toward browning prevention in Parmesan cheese PubMed: Synthesis of orthogonally protected (2S)-2-amino-adipic acid (à-AAA) and (2S,4R)-2-amino-4-hydroxyadipic acid (Ahad) PubMed: Screening of genes related to methylglyoxal susceptibility PubMed: Vibrational analysis of hydroxyacetone PubMed: What makes P450s work? Searches for answers with known and new P450s PubMed: [Methylglyoxal--test for biological dysfunctions of homeostasis and endoecology, low cytosolic glucose level, and gluconeogenesis from fatty acids] PubMed: Synthesis and antiviral activity of C-fluoro-branched cyclopropyl nucleosides PubMed: The production of formaldehyde and hydroxyacetone in methacrolein photooxidation: New insights into mechanism and effects of water vapor PubMed: Enantioselective and solvent-controlled diastereoselective Mannich reaction of isatin imines with hydroxyacetone: synthesis of 3-substituted 3-aminooxindoles PubMed: Methylglyoxal resistance in Bacillus subtilis: contributions of bacillithiol-dependent and independent pathways PubMed: Measurement of atmospheric hydroxyacetone, glycolaldehyde, and formaldehyde PubMed: [Quantitative determination of acetol, with special reference to its formation in alkaline sugar decomposition] PubMed: Characterization of the key aroma compounds in pork soup stock by using an aroma extract dilution analysis PubMed: Metabolomics approach reveals annual metabolic variation in roots of Cyathula officinalis Kuan based on gas chromatography-mass spectrum PubMed: Engineering a cyanobacterium as the catalyst for the photosynthetic conversion of CO2 to 1,2-propanediol PubMed: Molecular cloning and characterization of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe his3 gene for use as a selectable marker PubMed: Increased osmolal gap in alcoholic acidosis PubMed: Organocatalytic asymmetric aldol reaction of hydroxyacetone with ?,?-unsaturated à-keto esters: facile access to chiral tertiary alcohols PubMed: Non-invasive assessment of culture media from goat cloned embryos associated with subjective morphology by gas chromatography - mass spectroscopy-based metabolomic analysis PubMed: Mechanisms of acrylamide formation: Maillard-induced transformation of asparagine PubMed: Stability of intermediates in the glycerol hydrogenolysis on transition metal catalysts from first principles PubMed: Interaction of acetone, hydroxyacetone, acetaldehyde and benzaldehyde with the surface of water ice and HNO3ú3H2O ice PubMed: Citric acid inhibits development of cataracts, proteinuria and ketosis in streptozotocin (type 1) diabetic rats PubMed: Combination treatment of epilepsy with ketogenic diet and concurrent pharmacological inhibition of cytochrome P450 2E1 PubMed: Rate-determining steps in phenacetin oxidations by human cytochrome P450 1A2 and selected mutants PubMed: N(delta)-(5-hydroxy-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine-2-yl)-l-ornithine, a novel methylglyoxal-arginine modification in beer PubMed: Determination of Chemical Compounds Generated from Second-generation E-cigarettes Using a Sorbent Cartridge Followed by a Two-step Elution Method PubMed: The metabolism of acetol phosphate. I. Synthesis, properties and enzymic reduction PubMed: Mixed-function supraoperons that exhibit overall conservation, albeit shuffled gene organization, across wide intergenomic distances within eubacteria PubMed: Mechanism of formation of sulphur aroma compounds from l-ascorbic acid and l-cysteine during the Maillard reaction PubMed: Furfural from Pine Needle Extract Inhibits the Growth of a Plant Pathogenic Fungus, Alternaria mali PubMed: Purification and properties of a NAD-linked 1,2-propanediol dehydrogenase from propane-grown Pseudomonas fluorescens NRRL B-1244 PubMed: Understanding non-enzymatic aminophospholipid glycation and its inhibition. Polar head features affect the kinetics of Schiff base formation PubMed: An amine: hydroxyacetone aminotransferase from Moraxella lacunata WZ34 for alaninol synthesis PubMed: Biosynthesis of terpenes. Preparation of (E)-1-hydroxy-2-methyl-but-2-enyl 4-diphosphate, an intermediate of the deoxyxylulose phosphate pathway PubMed: Structural studies of the catalytic reaction pathway of a hyperthermophilic histidinol-phosphate aminotransferase PubMed: Acetone metabolism in humans during diabetic ketoacidosis PubMed: Preparation of (R)- and (S)-propylene glycol with baker's yeast PubMed: Valorization of Rhizoclonium sp. algae via pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis PubMed: Phosphoenolpyruvate- and ATP-dependent dihydroxyacetone kinases: covalent substrate-binding and kinetic mechanism PubMed: Absolute rate coefficient of the gas-phase reaction between hydroxyl radical (OH) and hydroxyacetone: investigating the effects of temperature and pressure PubMed: Reductive metabolism of AGE precursors: a metabolic route for preventing AGE accumulation in cardiovascular tissue PubMed: Inactivation of cellular enzymes by carbonyls and protein-bound glycation/glycoxidation products PubMed: Production and interconversion of 1,2-propanediol and hydroxyacetone by Escherichia coli PubMed: Oxo-vanadium as a spin probe for the investigation of the metal coordination environment of imidazole glycerol phosphate dehydratase PubMed: L-Aspartate semialdehyde and a 6-deoxy-5-ketohexose 1-phosphate are the precursors to the aromatic amino acids in Methanocaldococcus jannaschii PubMed: The metabolism of N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine by microsomes and hepatocytes from Fischer 344 rats PubMed: Methylglyoxal production in vascular smooth muscle cells from different metabolic precursors PubMed: Acetone catabolism by cytochrome P450 2E1: studies with CYP2E1-null mice PubMed: Glucose formation from methylglyoxal in hepatocytes from streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice: the effect of insulin PubMed: Methylglyoxal and the polyol pathway. Three-carbon compounds are substrates for sheep liver sorbitol dehydrogenase PubMed: Divergent metabolic pathways for propane and propionate utilization by a soil isolate PubMed: Amidic and acetonic cryoprotectants improve cryopreservation of volvocine green algae PubMed: In-depth mechanistic study on the formation of acrylamide and other vinylogous compounds by the maillard reaction PubMed: Thermal decomposition of specifically phosphorylated D-glucoses and their role in the control of the Maillard reaction PubMed: NMR-spectroscopy-based metabonomic approach to the analysis of Bay41-4109, a novel anti-HBV compound, induced hepatotoxicity in rats PubMed: Carbohydrate and amino acid degradation pathways in L-methionine/D-[13C] glucose model systems PubMed: Reactivity of epicatechin in aqueous glycine and glucose maillard reaction models: quenching of C2, C3, and C4 sugar fragments PubMed: Understanding the Reaction Mechanism of Glycerol Hydrogenolysis over a CuCr(2) O(4) Catalyst PubMed: Copolymer-supported heterogeneous organocatalyst for asymmetric aldol addition in aqueous medium PubMed: Hydroxylation of deoxyguanosine at the C-8 position by ascorbic acid and other reducing agents PubMed: Formation of flavor components by the reaction of amino acid and carbonyl compounds in mild conditions PubMed: Hydroxylation of acetone by ethanol- and acetone-inducible cytochrome P-450 in liver microsomes and reconstituted membranes PubMed: Structures of Escherichia coli histidinol-phosphate aminotransferase and its complexes with histidinol-phosphate and N-(5'-phosphopyridoxyl)-L-glutamate: double substrate recognition of the enzyme PubMed: Volatile composition of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) commercial teas through solid phase extraction PubMed: Synthesis, binding properties, and 18F labeling of fluorocarazolol, a high-affinity beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist PubMed: Activity of bilobalide, a sesquiterpene from Ginkgo biloba, on Pneumocystis carinii PubMed: Amino acid catalyzed direct asymmetric aldol reactions: a bioorganic approach to catalytic asymmetric carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions PubMed: Net glucose production from acetone in isolated murine hepatocytes. The effect of different pretreatments of mice PubMed: Formation of the reduced form of furaneol? (2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-3-one) during the Maillard reaction through catalysis of amino acid metal salts PubMed: Selective production of 1,2-propylene glycol from Jerusalem artichoke tuber using Ni-W(2) C/AC catalysts PubMed: Hydrogen-driven asymmetric reduction of hydroxyacetone to (R)-1,2-propanediol by Ralstonia eutropha transformant expressing alcohol dehydrogenase from Kluyveromyces lactis PubMed: Influence of inorganic salts on the primary pyrolysis products of cellulose PubMed: Purification and characterization of the imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae from recombinant Escherichia coli PubMed: Overexpression of glyoxalase-I in bovine endothelial cells inhibits intracellular advanced glycation endproduct formation and prevents hyperglycemia-induced increases in macromolecular endocytosis PubMed: Cellulose conversion with tungstated-alumina-based catalysts: influence of the presence of platinum and mechanistic studies PubMed: [Methylglyoxal--a test for impaired biological functions of exotrophy and endoecology, low glucose level in the cytosol and gluconeogenesis from fatty acids (a lecture)] PubMed: Yeast fermentation of carboxylic acids obtained from pyrolytic aqueous phases for lipid production PubMed: Secondary organic aerosol formation during evaporation of droplets containing atmospheric aldehydes, amines, and ammonium sulfate PubMed: The metabolism of acetone in the pregnant rat PubMed: Assignment of the Fundamental Modes of Hydroxyacetone Using Gas-Phase Infrared, Far-Infrared, Raman, and ab Initio Methods: Band Strengths for Atmospheric Measurements PubMed: Pyrolysis of inulin, glucose, and fructose PubMed: What is the antiseizure activity of acetone due to? PubMed: Molecular characterization and expression study of a histidine auxotrophic mutant (his1-) of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia PubMed: Biochemical origins of lactaldehyde and hydroxyacetone in Methanocaldococcus jannaschii PubMed: Reactivity of 1-deoxy-D-erythro-hexo-2,3-diulose: a key intermediate in the maillard chemistry of hexoses PubMed: Utilization of acetic acid-rich pyrolytic bio-oil by microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: reducing bio-oil toxicity and enhancing algal toxicity tolerance PubMed: The anticonvulsant activity of acetone does not depend upon its metabolites PubMed: Redox activation of galactose oxidase: thin-layer electrochemical study PubMed: Enzymatic metabolism of 3-deoxyglucosone, a Maillard intermediate PubMed: Characterization of primary thermal degradation features of lignocellulosic biomass after removal of inorganic metals by diverse solvents PubMed: Asymmetric self- and cross-aldol reactions of glycolaldehyde catalyzed by D-fructose-6-phosphate aldolase PubMed: Evidence for a male-produced pheromone in Tetropium fuscum (F.) and Tetropium cinnamopterum (Kirby) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) PubMed: Kinetic characteristics of ZENECA ZD5522, a potent inhibitor of human and bovine lens aldose reductase PubMed: A probable mixed-function supraoperon in Pseudomonas exhibits gene organization features of both intergenomic conservation and gene shuffling PubMed: Experimental evolution of a novel pathway for glycerol dissimilation in Escherichia coli PubMed: Small peptides catalyze highly enantioselective direct aldol reactions of aldehydes with hydroxyacetone: unprecedented regiocontrol in aqueous media PubMed: A comparison of the electrophilic reactivities of Zn2+ and acetic acid as catalysts of enolization: imperatives for enzymatic catalysis of proton transfer at carbon PubMed: Origin of carbohydrate degradation products in L-Alanine/D-[(13)C]glucose model systems PubMed: Two-directional elaboration of hydroxyacetone under thermodynamically controlled conditions: allylation or 2-propynylation and aldol reaction PubMed: Determination of optimum conditions for the analysis of volatile components in pine needles by double-shot pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry PubMed: Oxyradical production results from the Fe3(+)-doxorubicin complex undergoing self-reduction by its alpha-ketol group PubMed: Reaction of HO with hydroxyacetone (HOCH2C(O)CH3): rate coefficients (233-363 K) and mechanism PubMed: [Sigmoid sinus thrombosis as a complication of otitis media] PubMed: Reduction of methylglyoxal in Escherichia coli K12 by an aldehyde reductase and alcohol dehydrogenase PubMed: Approaches to wine aroma: release of aroma compounds from reactions between cysteine and carbonyl compounds in wine PubMed: Purification and characterization of NADPH-dependent 2-oxoaldehyde reductase from porcine liver. A self-defence enzyme preventing the advanced stage of the Maillard reaction PubMed: An enzyme common to histidine and aromatic amino acid biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis PubMed: Mutagenicity of methylglyoxal in coffee PubMed: Isotope effect studies of the chemical mechanism of pig heart NADP isocitrate dehydrogenase PubMed: Asymmetric syn-selective direct aldol reaction of protected hydroxyacetone catalyzed by primary amino acid derived bifunctional organocatalyst in the presence of water PubMed: Desmutagenic effect of alpha-dicarbonyl and alpha-hydroxycarbonyl compounds against mutagenic heterocyclic amines PubMed: Identification of hexose hydrolysis products in metabolic flux analytes: a case study of levulinic acid in plant protein hydrolysate PubMed: Matrix-isolation study and ab initio calculations of the structure and spectra of hydroxyacetone PubMed: Responses to insulin by two forms of rat hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 that undergo major (RLM6) and minor (RLM5b) elevations in diabetes PubMed: Purification and characterization of an enzyme that has dihydroxyacetone-reducing activity from methanol-grown Hansenula ofunaensis PubMed: First synthesis and anti-HIV evaluation of 4'-methyl-cyclopentanyl 9-deazaadenosine PubMed: A highly purified enrichment culture couples the reductive dechlorination of tetrachloroethene to growth PubMed: Modulation of CD3- large granular lymphocyte functions by agonist and antagonists of protein kinase C: effects on NK and lymphokine-activated killer activity and production of IFN-gamma PubMed: Immunochemical quantitation of thymine glycol in oxidized and X-irradiated DNA